Early Signs and Symptoms of Women’s Heart Disease: What You Should Know

Heart disease is often thought of as a men’s health issue, but it remains the leading cause of death in women worldwide. 

Surprisingly, the symptoms of heart disease in women can be subtle and vastly different from those experienced by men, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. 

Recognising these unique signs early can save lives, yet many women remain unaware of the risks lurking beneath the surface. 

This guide explains the early signs and symptoms of women’s heart disease, helping you understand what to watch for and how to take proactive steps toward heart health.

Introduction to Women’s Heart Disease

Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, surpassing cancers and other chronic illnesses. 

While chest pain is commonly associated with heart problems, women frequently experience less typical symptoms like nausea, fatigue, or jaw pain, which can be overlooked or mistaken for other conditions. 

Recognising these unique signs is essential for early intervention and effective management. With proper awareness and timely care, the risks associated with heart disease can be significantly reduced, empowering women to take control of their heart health.

​Common Types of Heart Disease in Women

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

This is the most common type of heart disease in women, caused by narrowed or blocked blood vessels that reduce blood flow. Women with CAD often experience symptoms like chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

Heart Failure

This condition occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively. Symptoms include swelling in the legs, difficulty breathing, and fatigue, often resulting from untreated CAD or other heart conditions.

Arrhythmias

Irregular heartbeats that may feel like a fluttering or racing sensation. Some arrhythmias are harmless, but others can signal serious heart issues. Symptoms include dizziness, chest discomfort, or fainting.

Cardiomyopathy

A disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood which is often linked to genetics, infections, or prolonged high blood pressure. Symptoms include breathlessness, swelling in the limbs, and fatigue.

Symptoms of Heart Disease

General Symptoms

• Chest Pain or Discomfort: A squeezing or pressure sensation, not always severe.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or rest.
• Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent tiredness that interferes with daily activities.

Unique Symptoms 

• Nausea or Vomiting: Unexplained and persistent episodes, especially without other digestive issues.
• Pain in the Jaw, Neck, or Back: A dull or sharp pain that may not seem related to the heart.
• Unusual Sweating or Dizziness: Cold sweats or lightheadedness without clear triggers.

Early Warning Signs to Watch For

Silent Symptoms That Often Go Unnoticed

• Fatigue: Persistent exhaustion, even without strenuous activity.
• Indigestion: A burning sensation or discomfort that can mimic digestive issues.
• Anxiety or a Feeling of Doom: A sudden, unexplained sense of unease or fear.

Symptoms of a Heart Attack in Women‍

During a heart attack, women may experience chest discomfort that feels like squeezing or fullness. Pain can radiate to the arms, jaw, neck, or back. 

Shortness of breath is common, whether or not chest pain is present. Other signs include nausea, lightheadedness, or cold sweats.

Risk Factors for Women’s Heart Disease

Heart disease risk factors can be broadly categorised into modifiable and non-modifiable types. Modifiable factors are lifestyle choices that can be controlled or changed to reduce the risk, while non-modifiable factors are inherent and cannot be altered. The table below highlights these risk factors and their impacts on heart health:

Diagnosing Heart Disease in Women

Common Tests and Procedures

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Records the electrical activity of the heart to detect abnormalities.
• Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart, showing its structure and function.
• Stress Tests: Evaluate how the heart performs under physical or chemical stress.
• Angiography: A detailed imaging technique to detect blockages in the arteries.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes

Adopting a Heart-Healthy Diet

• Fruits and Vegetables: Provide antioxidants and fibre.
• Whole Grains: Improve cholesterol levels and heart function.
• Healthy Fats: Found in nuts, seeds, and fish, they reduce bad cholesterol.
• Limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive salt intake.

Regular Physical Activity

• Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
• Activities like walking, swimming, and yoga promote cardiovascular health and reduce stress.

Managing Stress and Mental Health

• Chronic stress can increase blood pressure and heart strain.
• Practice relaxation techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing, or mindfulness exercises.
• Seek emotional support when needed to maintain mental well-being.

Routine Health Check-Ups and Screenings

• Schedule regular visits to monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels.
• Discuss family history and risk factors with a healthcare provider for personalised advice.