FNAC Test in India: Purpose, Procedure, and Cost for Bangladeshi Patients

When health concerns arise, finding answers quickly and accurately becomes essential.

For Bangladeshi patients travelling to India for treatment, the FNAC test, fnac full form in medical (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) is a widely trusted diagnostic tool that offers critical insights into various conditions, from infections to potential cancers. 

Finding out what’s causing your symptoms is essential, especially when quick and accurate answers can guide your treatment journey.

But what exactly does this test involve, and how can it benefit you on your medical journey? 

Here’s everything you need to know about the FNAC test definition, its purpose, procedure, and costs so you’re prepared for every step of the way.

What is an FNAC Test and When is it Needed?

The FNAC medical abbreviation is often used in medical documents, and understanding the FNAC meaning helps clarify its role as a diagnostic tool.

A Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) test is a diagnostic procedure where a thin, hollow needle is used to extract a small sample of cells or fluid from a lump or swelling in the body. 

This sample is then examined under a microscope to identify any abnormalities, such as infections, benign growths, or cancers.

Common Conditions and Symptoms Requiring an FNAC Test:

• Lumps or Masses: Unexplained lumps in areas like the neck, breast, or thyroid gland.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Persistent enlargement of lymph nodes, which may indicate infections or other conditions.
• Thyroid Nodules: Growths in the thyroid gland that need evaluation for potential thyroid disorders.
• Breast Lumps: To determine if a breast lump is benign or malignant.
• Salivary Gland Swellings: To assess swellings in the salivary glands for possible infections or tumours.

Purpose and Uses of the FNAC Test

Diagnosing Cancers

FNAC is often used to detect cancerous cells, enabling early diagnosis and treatment planning. 

Detecting Infections

The test can identify infections by revealing pathogens within the tissue sample. 

Assessing Inflammatory Conditions

FNAC aids in identifying inflammatory conditions by analysing the nature and level of inflammation in tissues. 

FNAC Applications for Different Organs

The FNAC test is versatile and is used to diagnose different conditions in various parts of the body. Here’s a breakdown of its applications for specific organs:

How the FNAC Test is Performed

Preparation

• The patient is positioned comfortably, depending on the location of the lump.
• The skin over the area is cleaned with an antiseptic solution to prevent infection.
• A local anaesthetic may be applied to numb the area, though it's often unnecessary due to the minimal discomfort involved.

Sample Collection

• A thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the lump or swelling.
• The healthcare provider gently moves the needle back and forth to collect a sample of cells or fluid.
• In some cases, imaging guidance like ultrasound is used to accurately locate the area, especially if the lump is not easily felt.

Post-Procedure

• The needle is removed, and pressure is applied to the site to stop any bleeding.
• A small bandage may be placed over the area.
• The collected sample is spread onto glass slides, stained with special dyes, and examined under a microscope by a pathologist to identify any abnormalities.

Involvement of Specialists

Radiologists

They may assist by providing imaging guidance, such as ultrasound, to ensure precise needle placement, particularly for lumps that are deep or not easily palpable.

Pathologists

They analyse the collected cell samples under a microscope to diagnose conditions like infections, benign growths, or cancers. 

‍How to Prepare for the FNAC Test

Medication Adjustments

Inform your doctor if you're taking anticoagulants; you may need to pause these temporarily.

Avoid aspirin or ibuprofen a week before the test, as these affect blood clotting.

Fasting

Generally not required. If sedation or certain organs are involved, your doctor may advise fasting for a few hours.

Clothing and Personal Care

Wear loose-fitting clothes for easy access to the test area.

Remove any jewellery near the test site.

Medical History and Allergies

Inform your doctor of your full medical history, especially any allergies to anaesthetics or antiseptics.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Duration: Usually under 10 minutes.

Discomfort: Minimal, though slight pressure or discomfort may occur.

Post-Procedure: Mild bruising or tenderness is common and should subside quickly; follow any aftercare instructions from your provider.

FNAC Test Cost in India

Below is an approximate comparison of FNAC test costs in various countries:

Note: These figures are approximate and may vary based on specific healthcare providers, locations, and whether additional services such as imaging guidance are required.‍